Background: The use of antiretroviral therapy increases with the increasing number of people with HIV/AIDS in the world including in Indonesia. However, the use of antiretrovirat therapy did not completely lower the rate of hospitalization of HIV/AIDS patients. Various factors can be involved. The aim of this study was to examine HIV-1 drug resistance mutations profile in drug treated HIV/AIDS patients who underwent hospitalization.

Methods: HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to hospital who had received ART were included in the study and then examined for the presence of drug resistance-associated mutations.

Results: A total of 17 samples are included in the study, only 11 samples that can be sequenced analysis. Drug mutations occurred in 7 of the 11 samples, 2 of which experienced drug resistance-associated mutations. On the mutation examination of drug resistance in reverse transcriptase gene found major mutation in K103N (9%) and G190A (9%). Most minor mutations were found in A98S (18.1%), followed by M41L, M184V, L210W, T215Y, V108l, Y181C and H221Y at 9% each. Whereas, On examination of drug resistance mutations in protease genes, there is a major mutation in I84V of 9%. Most minor mutations on M36I (45.4%), followed by L10I (36.3%), H69K (36.3%), I93L (27.2%), G16E, L89M, K20R 18.1%, and L64V and V771I respectively 9 %.

Conclusion: The large number of mutated samples poses a challenge in long-term antiretroviral treatment, so a breakthrough policy is needed to minimize the impact.